August 1999
Intermediate to advanced
559 pages
30h 44m
English
A subject may require recording by a lens—camera system with close focusing capabilities to obtain large images of small objects or fine detail. Not every lens is suited to this task or can focus close enough. Specific properties and features of suitable lenses are detailed later. Associated photographic techniques cope with depth of field, lighting and exposure determination. Full discussions of general and specialist techniques are available in texts such as Blaker (1989), Bracegirdle (1995), Brück (1984), Gibson (1970), Lefkowitz (1979), Ray (1978) and White (1987).
The fundamental parameter is lateral image magnification (m), usually referred to just as ‘magnification’ and defined ...
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