book

Unity in Action, Third Edition

by Joseph Hocking

January 2022

Beginner

416 pages

11h 53m

English

Manning Publications

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forewordprefaceacknowledgmentsabout this bookWho should read this bookHow this book is organized: A roadmapAbout the codeliveBook discussion forumabout the authorabout the cover illustration
1.1 Why is Unity so great?1.1.1 Unity’s strengths and advantages1.1.2 Downsides to be aware of1.1.3 Example games built with Unity1.2 How to use Unity1.2.1 Scene view, Game view, and the Toolbar1.2.2 The mouse and keyboard1.2.3 The Hierarchy view and the Inspector panel1.2.4 The Project and Console tabs1.3 Getting up and running with Unity programming1.3.1 Running code in Unity: Script components1.3.2 Using Visual Studio, the included IDE1.3.3 Printing to the console: Hello World!Summary
2.1 Before you start . . .2.1.1 Planning the project2.1.2 Understanding 3D coordinate space2.2 Begin the project: Place objects in the scene2.2.1 The scenery: Floor, outer walls, and inner walls2.2.2 Lights and cameras2.2.3 The player’s collider and viewpoint2.3 Make things move: A script that applies transforms2.3.1 Visualizing how movement is programmed2.3.2 Writing code to implement the diagram2.3.3 Understanding local vs. global coordinate space2.4 Script component for looking around: MouseLook2.4.1 Horizontal rotation that tracks mouse movement2.4.2 Vertical rotation with limits2.4.3 Horizontal and vertical rotation at the same time2.5 Keyboard input component: First-person controls2.5.1 Responding to keypresses2.5.2 Setting a rate of movement independent of the computer’s speed2.5.3 Moving the CharacterController for collision detection2.5.4 Adjusting components for walking instead of flyingSummary
3.1 Shooting via raycasts3.1.1 What is raycasting?3.1.2 Using the ScreenPointToRay command for shooting3.1.3 Adding visual indicators for aiming and hits3.2 Scripting reactive targets3.2.1 Determining what was hit3.2.2 Alerting the target that it was hit3.3 Basic wandering AI3.3.1 Diagramming how basic AI works3.3.2 “Seeing” obstacles with a raycast3.3.3 Tracking the character’s state3.4 Spawning enemy prefabs3.4.1 What is a prefab?3.4.2 Creating the enemy prefab3.4.3 Instantiating from an invisible SceneController3.5 Shooting by instantiating objects3.5.1 Creating the projectile prefab3.5.2 Shooting the projectile and colliding with a target3.5.3 Damaging the playerSummary

4.1 Understanding art assets4.2 Building basic 3D scenery: Whiteboxing4.2.1 Whiteboxing explained4.2.2 Drawing a floor plan for the level4.2.3 Laying out primitives according to the plan4.3 Texturing the scene with 2D images4.3.1 Choosing a file format4.3.2 Importing an image file4.3.3 Applying the image4.4 Generating sky visuals by using texture images4.4.1 What is a skybox?4.4.2 Creating a new skybox material4.5 Working with custom 3D models4.5.1 Which file format to choose?4.5.2 Exporting and importing the model4.6 Creating effects by using particle systems4.6.1 Adjusting parameters on the default effect4.6.2 Applying a new texture for fire4.6.3 Attaching particle effects to 3D objectsSummary
5.1 Setting up everything for 2D graphics5.1.1 Preparing the project5.1.2 Displaying 2D images (aka sprites)5.1.3 Switching the camera to 2D mode5.2 Building a card object and making it react to clicks5.2.1 Building the object out of sprites5.2.2 Mouse input code5.2.3 Revealing the card on a click5.3 Displaying the various card images5.3.1 Loading images programmatically5.3.2 Setting the image from an invisible SceneController5.3.3 Instantiating a grid of cards5.3.4 Shuffling the cards5.4 Making and scoring matches5.4.1 Storing and comparing revealed cards5.4.2 Hiding mismatched cards5.4.3 Text display for the score5.5 Restart button5.5.1 Programming a UIButton component by using SendMessage5.5.2 Calling LoadScene from SceneControllerSummary
6.1 Setting up the graphics6.1.1 Placing the scenery6.1.2 Importing sprite sheets6.2 Moving the player left and right6.2.1 Writing keyboard controls6.2.2 Colliding with the block6.3 Playing the sprite’s animation6.3.1 Explaining the Mecanim animation system6.3.2 Triggering animations from code6.4 Adding the ability to jump6.4.1 Falling from gravity6.4.2 Applying an upward impulse6.4.3 Detecting the ground6.5 Additional features for a platform game6.5.1 Unusual floors: Slopes and one-way platforms6.5.2 Implementing moving platforms6.5.3 Camera controlSummary
7.1 Before you start writing code . . .7.1.1 Immediate mode GUI or advanced 2D interface?7.1.2 Planning the layout7.1.3 Importing UI images7.2 Setting up the GUI display7.2.1 Creating a canvas for the interface7.2.2 Buttons, images, and text labels7.2.3 Controlling the position of UI elements7.3 Programming interactivity in the UI7.3.1 Programming an invisible UIController7.3.2 Creating a pop-up window7.3.3 Setting values using sliders and input fields7.4 Updating the game by responding to events7.4.1 Integrating an event system7.4.2 Broadcasting and listening for events from the scene7.4.3 Broadcasting and listening for events from the HUDSummary
8.1 Adjusting the camera view for third-person8.1.1 Importing a character to look at8.1.2 Adding shadows to the scene8.1.3 Orbiting the camera around the player character8.2 Programming camera-relative movement controls8.2.1 Rotating the character to face movement direction8.2.2 Moving forward in that direction8.3 Implementing the jump action8.3.1 Applying vertical speed and acceleration8.3.2 Modifying the ground detection to handle edges and slopes8.4 Setting up animations on the player character8.4.1 Defining animation clips in the imported model8.4.2 Creating the animator controller for these animations8.4.3 Writing code that operates the animatorSummary
9.1 Creating doors and other devices9.1.1 Doors that open and close on a keypress9.1.2 Checking distance and facing before opening the door9.1.3 Operating a color-changing monitor9.2 Interacting with objects by bumping into them9.2.1 Colliding with physics-enabled obstacles9.2.2 Operating the door with a trigger object9.2.3 Collecting items scattered around the level9.3 Managing inventory data and game state9.3.1 Setting up player and inventory managers9.3.2 Programming the game managers9.3.3 Storing inventory in a collection object: List vs. Dictionary9.4 Inventory UI for using and equipping items9.4.1 Displaying inventory items in the UI9.4.2 Equipping a key to use on locked doors9.4.3 Restoring the player’s health by consuming health packsSummary
10.1 Creating an outdoor scene10.1.1 Generating sky visuals by using a skybox10.1.2 Setting up an atmosphere that’s controlled by code10.2 Downloading weather data from an internet service10.2.1 Requesting HTTP data using coroutines10.2.2 Parsing XML10.2.3 Parsing JSON10.2.4 Affecting the scene based on weather data10.3 Adding a networked billboard10.3.1 Loading images from the internet10.3.2 Displaying images on the billboard10.3.3 Caching the downloaded image for reuse10.4 Posting data to a web server10.4.1 Tracking current weather: Sending post requests10.4.2 Server-side code in PHPSummary
11.1 Importing sound effects11.1.1 Supported file formats11.1.2 Importing audio files11.2 Playing sound effects11.2.1 Explaining what’s involved: Audio clip vs. source vs. listener11.2.2 Assigning a looping sound11.2.3 Triggering sound effects from code11.3 Using the audio control interface11.3.1 Setting up the central AudioManager11.3.2 Volume control UI11.3.3 Playing UI sounds11.4 Adding background music11.4.1 Playing music loops11.4.2 Controlling music volume separately11.4.3 Fading between songsSummary
12.1 Building an action RPG by repurposing projects12.1.1 Assembling assets and code from multiple projects12.1.2 Programming point-and-click controls: Movement and devices12.1.3 Replacing the old GUI with a new interface12.2 Developing the overarching game structure12.2.1 Controlling mission flow and multiple levels12.2.2 Completing a level by reaching the exit12.2.3 Losing the level when caught by enemies12.3 Handling the player’s progression through the game12.3.1 Saving and loading the player’s progress12.3.2 Beating the game by completing three levelsSummary
13.1 Start by building for the desktop: Windows, Mac, and Linux13.1.1 Building the application13.1.2 Adjusting player settings: Setting the game’s name and icon13.1.3 Platform-dependent compilation13.2 Building for the web13.2.1 Building the game embedded in a web page13.2.2 Communicating with JavaScript in the browser13.3 Building for mobile: iOS and Android13.3.1 Setting up the build tools13.3.2 Texture compression13.3.3 Developing plugins13.4 Developing XR (both VR and AR)13.4.1 Supporting virtual reality headsets13.4.2 AR Foundation for mobile Augmented RealitySummary
Game designMarketing your game
A.1 Scene navigation using the mouseA.2 Commonly used keyboard shortcuts
B.1 Programming toolsB.1.1 RiderB.1.2 XcodeB.1.3 Android SDKB.1.4 Version control (Git, SVN)B.2 3D art applicationsB.2.1 MayaB.2.2 3ds MaxB.2.3 BlenderB.2.4 SketchUpB.3 2D image editorsB.3.1 PhotoshopB.3.2 GIMPB.3.3 TexturePackerB.3.4 Aseprite, Pyxel EditB.4 Audio softwareB.4.1 Pro ToolsB.4.2 Audacity
C.1 Building the mesh geometryC.2 Texture-mapping the model
D.1 Additional tutorialsD.2 Code libraries

Content preview from Unity in Action, Third Edition

12 Putting the parts together into a complete game

This chapter covers

Assembling objects and code from other projects
Programming point-and-click controls
Upgrading the UI from the old to a new system
Loading new levels in response to objectives
Setting up win/loss conditions
Saving and loading the player’s progress

The project in this chapter will tie together everything from previous chapters. Most chapters have been pretty self-contained, and we haven’t taken an end-to-end look at the entire game. I’ll walk you through pulling together pieces that have been introduced separately so that you know how to build a complete game from all of those pieces.

I’ll also discuss the encompassing structure of the game, including switching ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9781617299339Supplemental Content Publisher Support Other Publisher Website Supplemental Content Errata Page Purchase Link