Foreword
IT'S BEEN OVER A DECADE SINCE THE FIRST WEBSITES REACHED REAL SCALE. We were there then, in those early days, watching our sites growing faster than anyone had seen before or knew how to manage. It was up to us figure out how to keep everything running, to make things happen, to get things done.
While everyone else was at the launch party, we were deep in the bowels of the datacenter racking and stacking the last servers. Then we sat at our desks late into the night, our faces lit with the glow of logfiles and graphs streaming by.
Our experiences were universal: Our software crashed or couldn't scale. The databases crashed and data was corrupted, while every server, disk, and switch failed in ways the manufacturer absolutely, positively said it wouldn't. Hackers attacked—first for fun and then for profit. And just when we got things working again, a new feature would be pushed out, traffic would spike, and everything would break all over again.
In the early days, we used what we could find because we had no budget. Then we grew from mismatched, scavenged machines hidden in closets to megawatt-scale datacenters spanning the globe filled with the cheapest machines we could find.
As we got to scale, we had to deal with the real world and its many dangers. Our datacenters caught fire, flooded, or were ripped apart by hurricanes. Our power failed. Generators didn't kick in—or started and then ran out of fuel—or were taken down when someone hit the Emergency Power Off. Cooling failed. ...
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