Web Standards Programmer's Reference: HTML, CSS, JavaScript®, Perl, Python®, and PHP

30.1. Calculations and Operators

PHP supports the usual collection of standard operators, as shown in the following table:

PHP Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Use
+	Addition
−	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Modulus
++	Increment
--	Decrement

PHP supports C-style pre and post types of increment and decrement operators. The pre operators (designated by placing the operators prior to the variable, for example, --$a) perform the operation and then return the value of the variable. The post operators (designated by placing the operators after the variable, for example, $a--) return the value of the variable and then perform the operation.

PHP Assignment Operators

Operator	Use
=	Assignment
+=	Increment assignment
−=	Decrement assignment
*=	Multiplication assignment
/=	Division assignment
%=	Modulus assignment

PHP Comparison Operators

Operator	Use
==	Is equal to
===	Exactly identical, in value and type
!=	Is not equal to
!==	Is not identical
>	Is greater than
<	Is less than
>=	Is greater than or equal to
<=	Is less than or equal to

PHP Logical Operators

Operator	Use
&& or and	And
|| or or	Or
!	Not
xor	Xor

PHP Bitwise Operators

Operator	bottom
&	And
|	Or
^	Xor
~	Not
<<	Left shift
>>	Right shift

PHP Miscellaneous Operators

Operator	Use
?:	Condition operator

PHP String Operators

Operator	Use
.	Concatenation
.=	Concatenation assignment

PHP Array Operators

Operator	Use
+	Union

PHP String Tokens

Token	Character
\b	Backspace
\t	Horizontal tab
\n	Line feed
\v	Vertical tab
\f	Form teed
\r	Carriage return
\"	Double-quote
\'	Single-quote
\\	Backslash