May 2020
Intermediate to advanced
456 pages
9h 13m
Japanese
Content preview from ゼロからはじめるデータサイエンス 第2版 ―Pythonで学ぶ基本と実践
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214
■
15
章 重回帰分析
# 0
付近のデータ
50
個と、
200
付近のデータ
50
個と、
# 100
付近のデータを
1
個を含む合計
101
個のデータ
far_from_100 = ([99.5 + random.random()] +
[random.random() for _ in range(50)] +
[200 + random.random() for _ in range(50)])
それぞれの中央値を計算すれば、どちらも
100
に近い値
＊
1
が得られます。それでは
次の場合はどうでしょう。
from scratch.statistics import median, standard_deviation
medians_close = bootstrap_statistic(close_to_100, median, 100)
いずれも
100
に近い値が得られます。
medians_far = bootstrap_statistic(far_from_100, median, 100)
しかし、この場合は、たいてい
0
付近や
200
付近の値となります。
1
つ目のデータセットに対する中央値の標準偏差はほぼ
0
ですが、
2
つ目はおおよそ
100
となります。
assert standard_deviation(medians_close) < 1
assert standard_deviation(medians_far) > 90
（このような極端な例では、手作業でデータの状況が把握できますが、一般的には困
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