Artificial Intelligence and Metaverse in Education

15Ethical and Legal Challenges in Implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Metaverse in Education

Mujiono^* and Riza Weganofa

English Education Department, Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

This study investigates the ethical and legal dilemmas associated with AI and the metaverse in education. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, it analyzes perceptions of students, lecturers, teachers, and AI users across four domains: fairness, privacy, accountability, and regulation. Students expressed greater concern than educators, especially in terms of transparency, data protection, and fairness in automated decision-making. Lecturers and teachers displayed higher trust in AI systems and institutional policies guiding their use. Statistical analyses, including multivariate regression and MANOVA, revealed significant role-based differences, with privacy and regulation emerging as the most sensitive themes. The findings underscore the importance of establishing robust governance frameworks, transparent accountability systems, and ethically grounded strategies tailored to educational settings. The absence of unified regulatory standards and limited AI literacy programs deepen trust gaps, particularly among students. The study highlights the necessity of promoting longitudinal and interdisciplinary research that informs evidence-based policymaking. Educators, developers, and policymakers are urged to promote fairness, autonomy, and trust within ...