
200 Advanced Manufacturing and Processing Technology
FIGURE 9.10 HRTEM surface micrograph of single bilayered thin-lm surface annealed
at 600°C (a) showing grain diffusion and atomic cluster diffusion on the surface, (b) different
atomic orientations, (c) stresses surface and presence of twined structure, (d) SAD pattern
of the surface. Deposition time for each layer is 25 minutes, and annealing time is 1 hour.
HRTEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscope; SAD, selected area diffraction.
an amorphous layer at the Ni/Ti interface, leading to phase growth. By increasing
the thickness of the amorphous lay ...