
170 Functional and Smart Materials
Breakdown of the
PMMA cement or
loss of fixation
Particulate debris
and metal ions
Rapid wear of
articulating surfaces
Micromotion
Chronic inflammation
(Implant bursitis)
Fibrosis
Bone Resorption
Poor biocompatibility of
the material
Pain
Modulus mismatch
Implant Loosening
FIGURE 9.2 Flowchart showing the material-related causes and the intermediate events
leading up to implant loosening (Bell, 2004).
TABLE 9.3
Abbreviations, Formula and Ca/P Ratio of Calcium Phosphorus Ceramics
(Liven, 2007, Shi, 2004; Levingstone, 2008)
Compound Name Abbreviation Formula Ca/P Ratio
Mono-calcium phosphate monohydrate ...