September 2024
Intermediate to advanced
390 pages
10h 23m
Spanish
Content preview from Fundamentos de la visualización de datos
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Capítulo 27. Comprender los formatos de archivo de imagen más utilizados
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Cualquiera que esté haciendo figuras para la visualización de datos tendrá que saber eventualmente algunas cosas sobre cómo se almacenan las figuras en el ordenador. Hay muchos formatos de archivo de imagen diferentes, y cada uno tiene su propio conjunto de ventajas e inconvenientes. Elegir el formato de archivo y el flujo de trabajo adecuados puede aliviar muchos quebraderos de cabeza en la preparación de figuras.
Yo prefiero utilizar PDF para archivos de alta calidad listos para su publicación y, en general, siempre que sea posible, PNG para documentos en línea y otras situaciones en las que se necesiten gráficos de mapa de bits, y JPEG como último recurso si los archivos PNG son demasiado grandes. En las siguientes secciones, explico las diferencias clave entre estos formatos de archivo y sus respectivas ventajas e inconvenientes.
Mapa de bits y gráficos vectoriales
La diferencia más importante entre los distintos formatos gráficos es si son de mapa de bits o vectoriales(Tabla 27-1).Los mapas de bits o gráficos rasterizados almacenan la imagen como una cuadrícula de puntos individuales (llamados píxeles), cada uno con un color determinado. En cambio, los gráficos vectoriales almacenan la disposición geométrica de los elementos gráficos individuales de la imagen. Así, una imagen vectorial ...
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