4.2. Document Type Declarations

An XML document refers to a DTD within an XML“<!DOCTYPE>” tag. The document type declaration can do either or both of the following:

  • Contain the markup declarations in an internal subset within the <!DOCTYPE> tag

  • Point to an external subset containing markup declarations

The document type declaration must appear before the first element in the document. Examples 4-1 and 4-2 provide samples of internal and external DTDs.

Example 4-1. Internal DTD
 <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE memo [ <!ELEMENT memo (to,from,subject,body)> <!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT subject (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)> ]> <memo> <to>Jon</to> <from>Chris</from> <subject>Reminder</subject> <body>Three PM meeting ...

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