October 2021
Intermediate to advanced
289 pages
8h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 数据科学中的实用统计学(第2版)
Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.
2
｜
第
1
章
随着计算能力的提高以及一些功能强大的数据分析软件的成熟，探索性数据分析迅速发
展，现在已经远远超出了它的初始范围。这门学科发展的主要驱动力在于新技术的快速发
展、更多和更大规模数据的使用，以及定量分析在各种学科中的广泛应用。斯坦福大学
的统计学教授大卫
•
多诺霍在读大学时曾经是图基的学生，他在新泽西州普林斯顿举行的
图基百年纪念活动中做了一次演讲，并在此基础上发表了一篇著名的文章
[Donoho-2015]
，
追溯了数据科学的起源，并将其归功于图基在数据分析领域所做的开创性工作。
1.1
结构化数据的要素
数据可以来自多种数据源：传感器测量、事件、文本、图像和视频，
物联网
（
Internet of
Things
，
IoT
）则源源不断地喷涌出大量信息
。多数数据是非结构化的。图像是一组像素，
每个像素中都包含
RGB
（
红、绿、蓝）颜色信息。文本是一个由单词和非单词字符组成的
序列，通常分为节、小节，等等。点击流是用户在与
app
或网页进行交互时产生的一个操
作序列。实际上，数据科学的一个主要挑战就是将原始数据转化为可以操作的信息。要使
用本书中介绍的统计学概念，就必须通过各种处理和操作，将非结构化的原始数据转换为
结构化形式。结构化数据的一种最常见的形式就是带有行和列的表，比如关系数据库中的
数据，或者为某项研究而收集的数据。
结构化数据有两种基本类型：数值型与分类型。
数值型
数据有两种形式：
连续型
，比如风
速和持续时间；
离散型
，比如某个事件的发生次数。
分类型
数据只能在一个固定集合中取
值，比如电视屏幕类型（等离子、 ...
Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.
Read now
Unlock full access
More than 5,000 organizations count on O’Reilly
O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.