October 2021
Intermediate to advanced
289 pages
8h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 数据科学中的实用统计学(第2版)
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统计实验与显著性检验
｜
97
3.8
ANOVA
假设我们不进行
A/B
测试，而是要比较多个组（比如
A/B/C/D
），每个组中都是数值型数
据。对多个组间的差异进行统计显著性检验的统计方法称为
方差分析
（
analysis of variance
，
ANOVA
）。
本节关键术语
两两比较
在多个组中的两个组之间进行假设检验（如均值检验）。
综合检验
（
omnibus test
）
对多个组间均值的整体方差的一种假设检验。
方差分解
分离出对单个值的各种贡献（例如，从整体均值、处理均值或残差中进行分离）。
F
统计量
一种标准化的统计量，用来测量组间均值差异超过随机模型中预期的程度。
SS
sum of squares
的简写，即平方和，表示与某种平均值的偏差。
表
3-3
给出了四个网页的黏性，用访问者花费在网页上的秒数来表示。这四个页面不断切
换，使得每个网页访问者都随机地得到一个页面。每个页面总共有五位访问者，在表
3-3
中，每一列都是一个独立的数据集。页面
1
的第一位访问者与页面
2
的第一位访问者没
有任何关联。请注意，在这样的网页测试中，我们不能完全实现传统意义上的随机抽样设
计，无法从某个海量总体中随机抽取出每个访问者。当访问者访问页面时，我们必须进行
记录。根据一天中的不同时间、一周中的不同日期、一年中的不同季节、不同网络条件、
使用的不同设备等，访问者会有系统性的差异。在评估实验结果时，必须考虑这些因素，
它们都可能造成偏差。
表3-3：四个网页的黏性（单位为秒）
页面1 页面2 页面3 页面4
164 178 175 155
172 ...
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