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数据科学中的实用统计学(第2版)
book

数据科学中的实用统计学(第2版)

by Peter Bruce, Andrew Bruce, Peter Gedeck
October 2021
Intermediate to advanced
289 pages
8h 31m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from 数据科学中的实用统计学(第2版)
统计实验与显著性检验
81
C
组、
D
组……如果有的话)的结果组合起来。这就体现了零假设的逻辑,即对各个组
的处理是没有差别的。然后,我们从这个组合集合中随机抽出各个组,并进行假设检验,
看看它们彼此之间有多大差异。置换的过程如下。
1.
将各个组的结果组合成一个数据集。
2.
对组合数据进行打乱重排
,然后随机抽取(无放回方式)出一个与
A
组同样大小的重
抽样(显然,它会包含一些其他组中的数据)。
3.
在剩下的数据中,随机抽取(无放回方式)出一个与
B
组同样大小的重抽样。
4.
同样方式抽取出
C
组、
D
组,等等。这样,你就得到了一个与初始样本同样大小的
重抽样集合。
5.
无论根据初始样本计算了何种统计量或估计值
(例如,组间比例的差异),都使用重抽
样重新计算一遍,并记录下来。这就是一次置换迭代。
6.
将上面的步骤重复
R
次,得到一个检验统计量的置换分布。
下面回到已观测到的组间差异,并与置换后的差异进行比较。如果已观测差异位于置换差
异集合之内,就证明不了任何事情——已观测差异位于随机性造成的影响之范围内。但
是,如果已观测差异大部分位于置换分布之外,就可以得出结论:这种差异不是随机性造
成的。用专业术语来说,这种差异
在统计上是显著
的(参见
3.4
)。
3.3.2
 示例
Web
黏性
一个出售高端服务的公司想对两种
Web
界面进行测试,看看采用哪种界面的服务销量更
好。由于所售服务的价格非常高,销量不大,而且销售周期长,因此需要很长时间来积累
足够的销售数据,进而判断哪种界面更好。所以,这个公司决定使用详细的内部页面来描 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787115569028