September 2013
Intermediate to advanced
264 pages
5h
Chinese
Content preview from Bad Data 技術手冊
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第三章
資料是要給人類使用，
而非給機器使用
Paul Murrell
本章描述的問題是，當資料集合的格式主要是提供給人類使用時，所可能發生的問題。
通常資料會用這種方式提供時，主要是因為要讓人類能夠從資料中抽取出特定的訊息。
這個問題主要是，我們終究會希望對資料做更多的事情，這代表要使用軟體來處理資
料，也代表要對軟體解釋資料的格式，最終我們反而會希望資料的格式是適合給電腦使
用而不是給人類使用的。
資料
在紐西蘭最主要的高中考試稱為NCEA（ National Certificate of Educational
Achievement）。通常來說，11 年級（他們受正規教育的第 11 年）的學生會嘗試取得
NCEA Level 1，在 12 年級時取得 NCEA Level 2，而在 13 年級時取得 NCEA Level 3。
然而，若要比預定時間早去嘗試取得較高級的 NCEA，或是因為第一次考試未通過而較
晚取得適當的 NCEA 階級，這些行為都是被允許的。
因此可以統計出，在每年正規教育結束時，學生參加每個層級的 NCEA 的數量（或是百
分比），如範例 3-1 所示。
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