September 2013
Intermediate to advanced
264 pages
5h
Chinese
Content preview from Bad Data 技術手冊
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第十二章：當資料庫攻擊時：何時要堅持使用檔案的守則
將檔案視為你的資料儲存
有時，你最好不要使用資料庫，而使用檔案系統來當成你的資料儲存。考慮以下的事項：
檔案很簡單！
簡單性與普遍性是很難在科技產品中找到的好處。當你使用檔案時，你就不用擔心一些
繁文縟節。
檔案可以用在任何事物上
幾乎所有的東西都需要知道要如何處理你的資料。工具程式需要被教導，以理解要如何
從你的檔案中抽出結構。這通常並不是個嚴重的障礙。若你跟隨一些常見的規範，例如
使用常見且一致的分隔字元，那麼就沒事了。
將它與傳統的資料庫系統比較，你通常都需要一個特定的適配器（adapter），也就是
可能要擁有它自己的 API。若你使用一個抽象層，如物件關聯對應（object-relational
mapper，ORM），那麼你就需要瞭解它獨特的語法。近期的資料庫通常會提供 HTTP 的
API，但這仍然比開啟並且讀取檔案要來的更累人。
讓所有的東西都能夠讀取你的資料，讓身為資料管理者的你的生活更簡單。它很簡單能
夠在程式語言以及工具之間置換（也許你想要用 R 的
ggplot2
來繪圖，Python 的 NLTK
來作自然語言處理，Octave 來作矩陣運算，以及 Fortran 來作有效率的數值運算）。
Hadoop 以及其他 MapReduce 的實作也通常都能夠使用檔案來運作。這樣很簡單就能用
特定的方式來處理資料。一行的 Python 程式碼可以（暫時的）建立一個網站伺服器：
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080 ...
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