October 2018
Intermediate to advanced
530 pages
14h 25m
English
Some of the most valuable drugs being produced are temperature-sensitive biopharmaceuticals (for instance, cancer treatment drugs). The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that two-fifths of vaccines shipped worldwide degrade due to temperature variation during transport. Most temperature deviations occur on airport tarmacs, which affects the quality of biopharmaceutical shipments. Logistics personnel often plan ahead when under time constraints and park pallets on the tarmac next to the aircraft, sometimes hours before departure.
There, they can be exposed to very low temperatures (-40° Celsius/-40° Fahrenheit) or very high temperatures (49° Celsius/120° Fahrenheit).
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