Climate Management Issues

355The Economics of Mitigation Options

make it cost effective. Potential storage areas for the CO

2

would be in geo-

logical formations (such as oil and gas elds, nonminable coal seams, and

deep saline formations), in the ocean (direct release into the ocean water col-

umn or onto the deep sea oor), and industrial xation of CO

2

into inorganic

carbonates.

Current technology captures roughly 85–95 percent of the CO

2

processed

in a capture plant. A power plant that has a CCS system (with an access to a

geological or ocean storage) uses approximately 10–40 percent more energy

than a plant of equivalent output without CCS (the extra energy is for the

capture and compression of CO

2

). The nal result with a CCS is that there is

a reduction of CO