
Applications of Artificial Immune AlgorithmsApplications of Artifi cial Immune Algorithms 225
reduced and it will be easier to any suitable optimization method to fi nd
the optimal tour
. As mentioned earlier, at this stage, we can use any exact
or approximate optimization method, in our case we used a GA (Montiel
et al. 2013).
10.4 Step 3: Expansion
The expansion algorithm is required to transform the solution provided by
the optimization method used as it was described in step 2 (Montiel et al.
2013). This process is critical, as the solution obtained so far is not valid, as
it does not take into consideration the length of the removed vaccines. ...