Introduction to Intelligence Studies68
• DS: Directorate for Information Management and Chief Information
Ocer
• DT: Directorate for MASINT and Technical Collection
• DX: Defense Counterintelligence and HUMINT Center
• HC: Directorate for Human Capital
• J2: Directorate for Intelligence, Joint Sta
Military Agencies: National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency
Cartography, otherwise known as mapmaking, has been a staple of naviga-
tion since its earliest days. Likewise, aerial intelligence has been used since
the Civil War. As the two disciplines grew, they found a common link—
maps could be drawn more accurately and intelligence obtained more holis-
tically through aerial observation.
Hence, over the years, the government has formed a series of age ...