Introduction to Intelligence Studies218
opinions known. If white supremacists move from peacefully protesting to
inciting lawless action, such as violence or a riot, then the First Amendment
no longer protects the speech. Fighting words, or true threats, are also not
protected. us, the Ku Klux Klan’s act of burning a cross on a lawn in an
eort to intimidate someone would not be protected by the First Amendment.
But how does the First Amendment apply when people want to reveal
classied information about the IC? Under the Espionage Act, civilians do
not have the right to reveal classied information to the public, and mili-
tary personnel do not have a right to reveal classied information under
the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). In ...