Introduction to Intelligence Studies190
• Centralized planning and control—Operations should be centrally
planned and directed in order to achieve unity of eort.
• Security—Friendly forces must deny knowledge of a force’s intent to
deceive and the execution of that intent to adversaries.
• Timeliness—A deception operation requires careful timing.
• Integration—Each military deception must be carefully integrated
with the operation it is supporting.
Military deception operations apply four basic deception techniques:
feints, demonstrations, ruses, and displays. Feints are oensive actions
involving contact with the adversary to deceive him as to the location and/
or time of the actual main oensive action. Demonstrations are shows of
force wher ...