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机器学习实战:基于Scikit-Learn、Keras 和TensorFlow (原书第2 版)
book

机器学习实战:基于Scikit-Learn、Keras 和TensorFlow (原书第2 版)

by Aurélien Géron
October 2020
Intermediate to advanced
693 pages
16h 26m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from 机器学习实战:基于Scikit-Learn、Keras 和TensorFlow (原书第2 版)
Keras
人工神经网络简介
|
255
启发。Donald Hebb 在其 1949 年的
The Organization of Behavior
(Wiley)中提出,当
一个生物神经元经常触发另一个神经元时,这两个神经元之间的联系就会增强。后来,
Siegrid Löwel 用有名的措辞概括了 Hebb 的思想,即“触发的细胞,连接在一起”。也
就是说,两个神经元同时触发时,它们之间的连接权重会增加。该规则后来被称为 Hebb
规则(或
Hebb
学习)。使用此规则的变体训练感知器,该变体考虑了网络进行预测时
所犯的错误。感知器学习规则加强了有助于减少错误的连接。更具体地说,感知器一次
被送入一个训练实例,并且针对每个实例进行预测。对于产生错误预测的每个输出神经
元,它会增强来自输入的连接权重,这些权重将有助于正确的预测。该规则如公式 10-3
所示。
公式 10-3:感知器学习规则(权重更新)
w
i
,
j
(
下一步
)
=
w
i
,
j
+
η
(
y
j
-
y
^
j
)
x
i
在此等式中:
•
w
i
,
j
是第
i
个输入神经元和第
j
个输出神经元之间的连接权重。
•
x
i
是当前训练实例的第
i
个输入值。
•
y
^
j
是当前训练实例的第
j
个输出神经元的输出。
•
y
j
是当前训练实例的第
j
个输出神经元的目标输出。
•
η
是学习率。
每个输出神经元的决策边界都是线性的,因此感知器无法学习复杂的模式(就像逻辑回
归分类器一样)。但是,如果训练实例是线性可分的,Rosenblatt 证明了该算法将收敛到
一个解
注 8
。这被称为感知器收敛定理。
1
Scikit-Learn ...
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ISBN: 9787111665977