Learning Linux Shell Scripting - Second Edition

The here document and the << operator

This is a special type of block of text or code. It is also a <indexentry content="<special form of I/O redirection. It can be used to feed the command list to an interactive program.

The syntax of the usage of the here document or the << operator is as follows:

    command << HERE
    text1 .....
    text 2....
    
    HERE
  

This tells the shell that the command should receive the data from a current source, such as the here document, until the pattern is received. In this case, the pattern is HERE. We have used the delimiter, HERE. We can use any other word as the delimiter, such as quit or finish. All the text reads up to the pattern, or the HERE text is used as an input for a command. The text or file received by the ...