
6.1 Arithmetic Mean
For sample: x 5
P
x
n
. For population: μ 5
P
x
N
.
6.2 Median
The median is the middle measurement when an odd number (n) of measurement
is arranged in order; if n is even, it is the midpoint betwee n the two middle
measurements.
6.3 Mode
It is the most frequently occurring measurement in a set.
6.4 Geometric Mean
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
x
1
x
2
...x
n
n
p
6.5 Standard Deviation
s 5
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
P
x2
x
2
ðn 2 1Þ
s
or
s 5
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
n
P
x
2
2
P
x
2
nðn 2 1Þ
s
6.6 Variance
v 5 s
2
6.7 z-Score
z 5
x 2 x
s
114 Mathematical Formulas for Industrial and Mechanical Engineering