Skip to Content
C++语言导学(原书第2版)
book

C++语言导学(原书第2版)

by 本贾尼 斯特劳斯特鲁普
August 2021
Intermediate to advanced
450 pages
5h 35m
Chinese
Pearson
Content preview from C++语言导学(原书第2版)

11.4 map

编写程序,在一个(名字,数值)对的列表中查找给定名字是一项很烦人的工作。而且,除非列表很短,顺序搜索是非常低效的。标准库提供了一个名为map的平衡二叉搜索树(红黑树)。

map也被称为关联数组或字典,用平衡二叉树实现。

标准库map是值对的容器,经过特殊优化来提高搜索性能。我们可以像初始化vector和list那样初始化map(参见11.2和11.3节):

map也支持下标操作,给定的下标值应该是map的第一个类型(称为关键字(key)),得到的结果是与关键字关联的值(应该是map的第二个类型,称为值或映射类型)。例如:

换句话说,对map进行下标操作本质上是进行一次搜索。如果未找到key,则向map插入一个新元素,它具有给定的key,关联的值为value类型的默认值。在本例中,整数类型的默认值是0,恰好是我用来表示无效电话号码的值。

如果希望避免将一个无效电话号码添加到电话簿中,就应该使用find()和insert()来代替[]。

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.

Read now

Unlock full access

More than 5,000 organizations count on O’Reilly

AirBnbBlueOriginElectronic ArtsHomeDepotNasdaqRakutenTata Consultancy Services

QuotationMarkO’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.
Julian F.
Head of Cybersecurity
QuotationMarkI wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.
Addison B.
Field Engineer
QuotationMarkI’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.
Amir M.
Data Platform Tech Lead
QuotationMarkI'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.
Mark W.
Embedded Software Engineer

You might also like

软件开发实践:项目驱动式的Java开发指南

软件开发实践:项目驱动式的Java开发指南

Raoul-Gabriel Urma, Richard Warburton
管理Kubernetes

管理Kubernetes

Brendan Burns, Craig Tracey
Python机器学习案例精解

Python机器学习案例精解

Posts & Telecom Press, Yuxi (Hayden) Liu

Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111633280