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C++语言导学(原书第2版)
book

C++语言导学(原书第2版)

by 本贾尼 斯特劳斯特鲁普
August 2021
Intermediate to advanced
450 pages
5h 35m
Chinese
Pearson
Content preview from C++语言导学(原书第2版)

2.4 联合

union是一种特殊的struct,它的所有成员被分配在同一块内存区域中,因此,联合实际占用的空间就是它最大的成员所占的空间。自然,在某个时刻,一个union中只能保存一个成员的值。例如,一个符号表表项结构保存一个名字和一个值,值可以是一个Node*或一个int:

因为p和i永远不会同时使用,所以浪费了内存空间。通过将两者定义为一个union的成员,可以很容易地解决该问题,如下所示:

C++不会记录一个union保存了哪种值,因此程序员必须自己做这个工作:

维护类型域(type field,在本例中是t)与union中所存类型的对应关系很容易出错。为了避免错误,我们可以强制这种对应关系——将联合和类型域封装在一个类中、只允许通过能正确使用联合的成员函数来访问它们。在应用层面上,依赖这种标记联合(tagged union)的抽象很常见也很有用。我们应尽量少地使用“裸”union。

在大多数情况下,我们可以使用标准库类型variant来避免直接使用union。一个variant保存一组可选类型中一个类型的值(参见13.5.1节)。例如,一个variant<Node*,int>可以保存一个Node*或一个int。 ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111633280