August 2021
Intermediate to advanced
450 pages
5h 35m
Chinese
Content preview from C++语言导学（原书第2版）
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3.5.4 合约
我们经常需要为不变式、前置条件等编写可选的运行时检验，目前对此还没有通用的、标准的方法。为此，已为C++20提出了一种合约机制[Garcia，2016][Garcia，2018]。一些用户想依赖检验来保证程序的正确性——在调试时进行全面的运行时检验，而随后部署的代码包含尽量少的检验，合约的目标是为此提供支持。一些组织依赖系统、全面的检验，在其高性能应用中这一需求就很常见。
到目前为止，我们还不得不依赖特别的机制。例如，我们可以使用命令行宏来控制运行时检验：
标准库提供了调试宏assert（），以主张在运行时某个条件必须成立。例如：
在“调试”模式下，如果assert（）的条件失败，程序会终止。如果不在调试模式下，assert（）则不会被检查。这相当粗糙，也很不灵活，但通常已经足够了。
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