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C++语言导学(原书第2版)
book

C++语言导学(原书第2版)

by 本贾尼 斯特劳斯特鲁普
August 2021
Intermediate to advanced
450 pages
5h 35m
Chinese
Pearson
Content preview from C++语言导学(原书第2版)

2.2 结构

构造新类型的第一步通常是把所需的元素组织成一种数据结构,即一个struct:

这是Vector的第一个版本,它包含一个int和一个double*。

Vector类型的变量可像这样定义:

但是,就v本身而言,它的用处似乎不大,因为v的elem指针并没有指向任何东西。为了让它变得有用,我们必须给出一些元素,令v指向它们。例如,我们可以构造一个如下所示的Vector:

也就是说,v的elem成员被赋予了一个由new运算符生成的指针,而v的sz成员则得到了元素的数目。Vector&中的&指出,我们是通过非const引用(参见1.7节)方式传递v的,这样vector_init()就能修改传给它的向量了。

new运算符从一块名为自由存储(free store)(又称为动态内存(dynamic memory)或堆(heap))的区域中分配内存。在自由存储中分配的对象独立于它创建时所处的作用域,会一直“存活”到使用delete运算符(参见4.2.2节)销毁它为止。

Vector的一个简单应用如下所示: ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111633280