Cable TV network started providing video services in the late 1940s. An antenna mounted on the top of a
building or tower was used to receive the signals from the TV stations and to distribute them to subscribers
with the help of coaxial cables. That’s why it was also referred to as community antenna TV (CATV).
Figure 5.26 shows a conceptual view of traditional cable networks. The broadcasting stations send
video signals to cable TV officecalled head end. The head end transmits these video signals to subscrib-
ers’ houses with the help of coaxial cable. To deal with the attenuation
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