May 2024
Intermediate to advanced
309 pages
13h 33m
English
Content preview from Data Communications and Computer Networks by Pearson
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Flow and Error Control 133
Link Utilization
The link utilization (U) in selective-reject ARQ can be considered in the following two situations:
1. when N ≥ 2a + 1, U = 1 - p and
2. when N < 2a + 1, U = (N*(1 - p))/(2a + 1).
12. Whatdoyoumeanbyabit-orientedandbyte-orientedprotocol?
Ans: In a bit-oriented protocol, the data received from the upper layers whether text, images,
audio or video is carried in the form of bits; the data eld of each frame comprises a sequence of bits.
To distinguish between the consecutive frames, a special eight-bit pattern flag 01111110 is used in the
beginning and at the end of each frame. ...
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