
2
Basic exposure and exposure–response
models
This chapter introduces simple models for modeling exposures and exposure–
responses relationship. It serves as the basis of more complex models for lon-
gitudinal or repeated measurement data. Modeling exposure is often an inte-
grated part of ER modeling, hence exposure models are also introduced. Some
modeling too ls such as transformation are also introduced here.
2.1 Models based on pharmacological mechanisms
2.1.1 Example of a PKPD model
Some PKP D models are derived from drug pharmacolo gical mechanisms, al-
though often bas ed on s ome simplifying as sumptions. Csajka and Verotta
(2006) give an exc e ...