In 1958 Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes suggested a method for extending the principle of the maser to the optical region of the spectrum. Schawlow shared the 1981 Nobel Prize with Nicolaas Bloembergen (pictured on p. 1015). Theodore Maiman achieved the first successful operation of a (ruby) laser on 16 May 1960, a date commemorated as the International Day of Light.
The laser is an optical oscillator. It comprises a resonant optical amplifier whose output is fed back to the input with matching phase (Fig. 16.0-1). The oscillation process can be initiated by the presence at the amplifier input of even a small amount ...
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