Friedrich Pockels (1865–1913), a German physicist, described the linear electro-optic effect in 1884.
John Kerr (1824–1907), a Scottish physicist, discovered the quadratic electro-optic effect in 1875.
Much as with acousto-optics (Chapter 20), electro-optics is a branch of photonics that deals with the modulation, switching, deflection, scanning, and redirection of optical beams. However, in electro-optics attention is directed to the implementation of these operations by means of transparent materials whose optical properties are altered when subjected to an electric field, rather than to an acoustic wave. The electric field distorts the positions, orientations, and/or shapes of the molecules that constitute the material. The electro-optic effect represents a change in the refractive index of the material that results from the application ...
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