William B. Shockley (1910–1989), seated, John Bardeen (1908–1991), center, and Walter H. Brattain (1902–1987), right, shared the Nobel Prize in 1956 for demonstrating that semiconductor devices could be used to achieve amplification.
Photonics is the technology of controlling the flow of photons, much as electronics is the technology of controlling the flow of charge carriers (electrons and holes). These two technologies join together in semiconductor optics: photons generate mobile charge carriers, and charge carriers generate and control the flow of photons. Semiconductor devices serve as photon sources (light-emitting diodes and laser diodes), amplifiers, photodetectors, waveguides, modulators, multiplexers, sensors, and nonlinear optical elements. The compatibility of semiconductor optical devices and semiconductor ...
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