Fundamentals of Photonics, 2 Volume Set, 3rd Edition

Chapter 24OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS AND SWITCHES

1. 24.1 OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS
   1. A. Free-Space Refractive and Diffractive Interconnects
   2. B. Guided-Wave Interconnects
   3. C. Nonreciprocal Optical Interconnects
   4. D. Optical Interconnects in Microelectronics and Computer Systems
2. 24.2 PASSIVE OPTICAL ROUTERS
   1. A. Wavelength-Based Routers
   2. B. Polarization-, Phase-, and Intensity-Based Routers
3. 24.3 PHOTONIC SWITCHES
   1. A. Space-Switch Architectures
   2. B. Implementations of Photonic Space Switches
   3. C. All-Optical Space Switches
   4. D. Wavelength-Selective Switches
   5. E. Time-Domain Switches
   6. F. Packet Switches
4. 24.4 PHOTONIC LOGIC GATES
   1. A. Bistable Systems
   2. B. Principles of Optical Bistability
   3. C. Bistable Optical Devices

The development of optical interconnects and photonic switches began in earnest in the 1980s under the aegis of Bell Laboratories, an organization created by AT&T in 1925. Bell Laboratories became part of Lucent Technologies in 1996, part of Alcatel–Lucent in 2006, and then part of Nokia in 2016.

Interconnections and switches are essential components of distributed systems such as communication systems and networks (telecom and datacom) and computing systems (computer-com). As displayed in Fig. 24.0-1, the scale of the interconnection distances in these different venues extend over a broad range: 1–100 km for telecom; 10–1000 m for datacom; and 1–1000 cm for computer-com. The interconnection ...