Fundamentals of Wearable Computers and Augmented Reality, 2nd Edition

495Applications of Augmented Reality in the Operating Room

coordination, a known issue both in US-guided needle insertion (Adhikary etal.

2013) and laparoscopic surgery (Wilson etal. 2010), and tentatively addressed by

some AR systems described in the following section.

19.3.2.5 Augmented Tactile Feedback

An AR domain often overlooked is haptic AR, using tactile feedback to augment

the user’s performance. In orthopedics, the concept of augmenting an operator’s tac-

tile experience was introduced in the context of bone milling for partial or total

knee replacement using cooperative control of a robotic device. The original robots

included the ...