
446 Heat Transfer: Thermal Management of Electronics
either positive or negative. Both the Seebeck and the Peltier coefcients are tempera-
ture dependent and the relationship between them is given by
(16.35)
where T is the absolute temperature [9]. Using Equation 16.35 in Equation 16.33 gives
(16.36)
as the Peltier heat transfer to a thermocouple junction at absolute temperature T due
to the current I in the thermocouple. Note that if S
AB
= S
A
− S
B
> 0, heat is absorbed
at the junction that current ows from material B to material A and is rejected at the
other junction.
Thermoelectric coolers consist of pairs of p