Index 481
Lumped systems
analysis validity
Biot number, 203
conduction heat ux, 203
in steady-state condition, 202
general lumped system analysis, 198,
201–202
heat balance equation, 199
solution of equation, 200
steady-state energy balance equation,
200
with various boundary conditions, 199
simple lumped system analysis, 196
heat balance equation, 197
Newton’s law of cooling, 197
solution in terms of temperature
variable, 198
temperature variation with various time
constants, 198
time constant of, 198
uniform temperature, 197
M
Macroscopic energy, 20
Manufacturing processes for heat sink
bonded-n heat sink technology,
160–161
cold forming, 162
die casting, 160
extrusion, 160
folded n heat sink technology, 162
skiving, 162–163
swaging, 162–163
Mass conservation e ...