
26 ◾ Lean Management System LMS:2012
Levinson (2007, 78–80) concludes that a minimum of five categories is
required for workflow analysis. It is difficult to envision any piece of work
that is not in one of these five states at any particular time.
1. Transformation
2. Handling
3. Transportation
4. Inspection
5. Delay
Transformation is the only activity that adds value, whereas handling and
inspection may assist or enable value. Transportation is at best a necessary
evil, whereas delay is clearly non-value-adding. Figure2.1 shows that a Gantt
chart can display how work in process spends time (perhaps an average
as determined from numerous ...