book

Network Analysis and Synthesis, 1st Edition by Pearson

Name: Network Analysis and Synthesis, 1st Edition by Pearson
ISBN: 9789332547261

by S. K. Bhattacharya, Manpreet Singh

December 2015

Intermediate to advanced

737 pages

23h 39m

English

Pearson India

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Cover
Copyright
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents (1/2)
Contents (2/2)
Preface
About the Authors
1. Basic Concepts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Voltage, Current and Resistance
1.3 Ohm’s Law

1.4 Electrical Power and Energy
1.5 Series and Parallel Connections of Resistors1.5.1 Series Connection of Resistors
1.5.2 Parallel Connection of Resistors
1.5.3 Series–Parallel Circuits
1.5.4 Ladder Network
1.6 Basic Circuit Elements
1.6.1 Resistors
1.6.2 Inductors—Self-Inductance and Mutual Inductance
1.6.3 Capacitors
1.7 Inductors and Capacitors in DC Circuits
1.8 DC Network Terminologies and Circuit Fundamentals
1.8.1 Network Terminologies
1.8.2 Voltage and Current Sources
1.8.3 Source Transformation
Review Questions
2. Kirchhoff’s Laws, Mesh and Nodal Analysis
2.1 Kirchhoff’s Laws2.1.1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law
2.1.2 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
2.2 Mesh Analysis (1/3)
2.2 Mesh Analysis (2/3)
2.2 Mesh Analysis (3/3)
2.3 Nodal Analysis (1/2)
2.3 Nodal Analysis (2/2)
2.4 Super Nodal Analysis
2.5 Super Mesh Analysis
2.6 Methods of Solving Complex Network Problems
2.6.1 Numerical Problems Based on Kirchhoff’s Laws
2.6.2 Numerical Problems Based on Mesh and Nodal Analysis (1/5)
2.6.2 Numerical Problems Based on Mesh and Nodal Analysis (2/5)
2.6.2 Numerical Problems Based on Mesh and Nodal Analysis (3/5)
2.6.2 Numerical Problems Based on Mesh and Nodal Analysis (4/5)
2.6.2 Numerical Problems Based on Mesh and Nodal Analysis (5/5)
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
3. Steady State Analysis of AC Circuits
3.1 AC Voltage Applied Across a Resistor
3.2 AC Voltage Applied Across an Inductor
3.3 AC Voltage Applied Across a Capacitor
3.4 R–L Series Circuit
3.5 Apparent Power, Real Power and Reactive Power
3.6 Power in R–L Series Circuit
3.7 Power Triangle of R–L Series Circuit
3.8 R–C Series Circuit
3.8.1 Power and Power Triangle of R–C Series Circuit
3.9 R–L–C Series Circuit
3.10 AC Parallel Circuits
3.10.1 Phasor or Vector Method of Solving Circuit Problems
3.10.2 Admittance Method of Solving Circuit Problems
3.10.3 Use of Phasor Algebra in Solving Circuit Problem (1/4)
3.10.3 Use of Phasor Algebra in Solving Circuit Problem (2/4)
3.10.3 Use of Phasor Algebra in Solving Circuit Problem (3/4)
3.10.3 Use of Phasor Algebra in Solving Circuit Problem (4/4)
3.11 AC Series–Parallel Circuits (1/2)
3.11 AC Series–Parallel Circuits (2/2)
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
4. R–L–C Circuits and Resonance
4.1 R–L–C Series Circuit with Variable Frequency Input Voltage
4.2 Series Resonance
4.2.1 Effect of Variation of Frequency on Current and Voltage Drops
4.2.2 Effect of Variation of Frequency on Impedance and Power Factor
4.3 Applications of R–L–C Circuits
4.3.1 Band-pass Filter
4.3.2 Band-stop Filter
4.4 Parallel Resonance
4.4.1 Ideal Tank Circuit
4.4.2 Non-ideal Tank Circuit
4.4.3 Resonant Frequency4.5 Parallel Resonant Filters
4.5.1 Band-pass Filter
4.5.2 Band-stop Filter4.6 Applications of Resonant Circuits4.6.1 Tuned Amplifier
4.6.2 Input to Receiver from an Antenna
4.6.3 Other Applications
4.6.4 Locus Diagram
Review Questions
5. Network Theorems and Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Superposition Theorem
5.3 Thevenin’s Theorem
5.3.1 Procedure for Applying Thevenin’s Theorem
5.4 Norton’s Theorem
5.5 Millman’s Theorem
5.6 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
5.7 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem for Complex Impedance Circuits
5.8 Reciprocity Theorem
5.9 Tellegen’s Theorem
5.10 Compensation Theorem
5.11 Star-Delta Transformation
5.11.1 Transforming Relations from Delta to Star
5.11.2 Transforming Relations from Star to Delta
5.12 Numericals on Network Theorems (1/6)
5.12 Numericals on Network Theorems (2/6)
5.12 Numericals on Network Theorems (3/6)
5.12 Numericals on Network Theorems (4/6)
5.12 Numericals on Network Theorems (5/6)
5.12 Numericals on Network Theorems (6/6)
Review Questions
6. Transient Response of Circuits Using Differential Equations
6.1 Transient Condition in Networks
6.2 Transient Response of R–L Series Circuits Having DC Excitation
6.2.1 Rise of Current Through R–L Series Circuit
6.2.2 Time Constant of R–L Series Circuit
6.2.3 Decay of Current Through R–L Series Circuit
6.3 Transient Response in R–C Series Circuits Having DC Excitation
6.3.1 Case I: Capacitor is Getting Charged
6.3.2 Case II: Discharging of Capacitor (1/2)
6.3.2 Case II: Discharging of Capacitor (2/2)
6.4 Transient Response of R–L–C Series Circuits Having DC Excitation
6.5 Sinusoidal Response of R–L Circuits
6.6 Sinusoidal Response of R–C Circuits
6.7 Sinusoidal Response of R–L–C Circuits (1/2)
6.7 Sinusoidal Response of R–L–C Circuits (2/2)
Review Questions
7. Laplace Transform
7.1 Concept of Laplace Transform
7.2 Laplace Transform of Standard Functions (1/2)
7.2 Laplace Transform of Standard Functions (2/2)
7.3 Laplace Transform Problems Based on Standard Formula (1/2)
7.3 Laplace Transform Problems Based on Standard Formula (2/2)
7.4 Properties of Laplace Transform
7.4.1 Property 1: First Shifting Property
7.4.2 Property 2: Multiplication by t n
7.4.3 Property 3: Division by ‘t’
7.4.4 Property 4
7.5 Summary of Useful Properties of Laplace Transform
7.6 Initial Value Theorem
7.7 Final Value Theorem
7.8 Inverse Laplace Transform (1/3)
7.8 Inverse Laplace Transform (2/3)
7.8 Inverse Laplace Transform (3/3)
7.9 Convolution Theorem
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
8. Transient Response of Circuits Using Laplace Transform
8.1 Steps to Find Transient Response Using Laplace Transform
8.2 Circuit Elements in the s-Domain
8.2.1 Resistor in the s-Domain8.2.2 Inductor in s-Domain8.2.3 Capacitor in s-Domain
8.3 DC Response of R–C Series Circuit
8.4 DC Response of R–L Series Circuit
8.5 DC Response of an R–L–C Series Circuit
8.6 Sinusoidal Response of R–L Series Circuit
8.7 Sinusoidal Response of R–C Series Circuit (1/5)
8.7 Sinusoidal Response of R–C Series Circuit (2/5)
8.7 Sinusoidal Response of R–C Series Circuit (3/5)
8.7 Sinusoidal Response of R–C Series Circuit (4/5)
8.7 Sinusoidal Response of R–C Series Circuit (5/5)
Review Questions
9. Three-Phase Systems and Circuits
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Advantages of Three-Phase Systems
9.3 Generation of Three-Phase Voltages
9.3.1 Equation of Three-phase Voltages
9.3.2 Balanced Three-phase System
9.4 Terms Used in Three-Phase Systems and Circuits
9.5 Three-Phase Winding Connections9.5.1 Star Connection
9.5.2 Delta Connection
9.5.3 Relationship of Line and Phase Voltages and Currents in a Star-connected System
9.5.4 Relationship of Line and Phase Voltages and Currents in a Delta-connected System
9.6 Active and Reactive Power
9.7 Comparison Between Star Connection and Delta Connection (1/2)
9.7 Comparison Between Star Connection and Delta Connection (2/2)
9.8 Measurment of Power in Three-Phase Circuits
9.8.1 One-wattmeter Method
9.8.2 Two-wattmeter Method
9.8.3 Three-wattmeter Method
9.8.4 Star to delta and Delta to Star Transformation
9.9 More Numericals Based on Three-Phase Balanced Load (1/2)
9.9 More Numericals Based on Three-Phase Balanced Load (2/2)
9.10 Method of Solving Problems on Unbalanced Load
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
10. Network Functions - s-Domain Analysis of Circuits
10.1 Introduction10.1.1 Terminals and Ports
10.1.2 Concept of Complex Frequency
10.2 Transformed Impedances in s-Domain
10.2.1 Resistance
10.2.2 Inductance
10.2.3 Capacitance
10.3 One-Port Network
10.3.1 Driving Point Impedance and Admittance Functions
10.4 Two-Port Network
10.4.1 Network Functions of a Two-port Network
10.5 Transfer Function
10.6 Network Function in Generalised Form
10.7 Poles and Zeros of Network Functions
10.7.1 Poles of a Network Function10.7.2 Zeros of a Network Function10.8 Pole–Zero Diagram
10.9 Time-Domain Response from Pole–Zero Plot (1/2)
10.9 Time-Domain Response from Pole–Zero Plot (2/2)
10.10 More Examples on Network Function (1/3)
10.10 More Examples on Network Function (2/3)
10.10 More Examples on Network Function (3/3)
10.11 Poles and Zeros of Network Functions and Their Significance
10.12 Stability Criterion for an Active Network
10.13 Examples Based on Pole–Zero Plot (1/2)
10.13 Examples Based on Pole–Zero Plot (2/2)
Review Questions
11. Two-port Network Parameters
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Two-port Network Parameters
11.2.1 Open-circuit Impedance-parameters Z-parameters
11.2.2 Short-circuit Admittance Parameters
11.2.3 Relationship Between Impedance and Admittance Matrix
11.2.4 Hybrid or h-parameters
11.2.5 Inverse Hybrid or g-parameters
11.2.6 Transmission Parameters
11.2.7 Inverse Transmission Parameters (1/2)
11.2.7 Inverse Transmission Parameters (2/2)
11.3 Correlation of Two-Port Network Parameters
11.3.1 Conversion of Y-parameters to Z-parameters
11.3.2 Conversion of A, B, C and D or t-parameters to h-parameters
11.3.3 Conversion of h-parameters to Y-parameters
11.4 Two-Port Reciprocal and Symmetrical Networks11.4.1 Reciprocal Two-port Network
11.4.2 Symmetrical Two-port Networks
11.5 Terminated Two-Port Network
11.6 Interconnected Two-Port Network
11.7 T-Circuit Representation of Two-Port Network
11.8 π-Circuit Representation of Two-Port Network
11.9 Image Impedance
11.10 More Solved Numericals (1/2)
11.10 More Solved Numericals (2/2)
Review Questions
12. Network Synthesis and Realisability
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Hurwitz Conditions for Stability (1/2)
12.2 Hurwitz Conditions for Stability (2/2)
12.3 Properties of Positive Real Functions (1/2)
12.3 Properties of Positive Real Functions (2/2)
12.4 Synthesis of Networks by Foster’s and Cauer’s Methods
12.5 Foster and Cauer Forms12.5.1 Synthesis of R–C Network12.5.2 Properties of the R–C Impedance or R–L Admittance Function12.5.3 Foster Form-I of R–C Network
12.5.4 Foster Form-II of R–C Network
12.5.5 Cauer Forms of R–C Network
12.5.6 Synthesis of R–L Network12.5.7 Properties of R–L Function/R–C Admittance Function
12.5.8 Foster Form-I of R–L Network
12.5.9 Foster Form-II of R–L Network
12.5.10 Cauer Form-I of R–L Network
12.5.11 Cauer Form-II R–L Network12.5.12 Synthesis of L–C Networks12.5.13 Properties of L–C Immittance12.5.14 Foster Form-I of L–C Network
12.5.15 Foster Form-II of L–C Network
12.5.16 Cauer Form-I of L–C Network
12.5.17 Cauer Form-II of L–C Network (1/6)
12.5.17 Cauer Form-II of L–C Network (2/6)
12.5.17 Cauer Form-II of L–C Network (3/6)
12.5.17 Cauer Form-II of L–C Network (4/6)
12.5.17 Cauer Form-II of L–C Network (5/6)
12.5.17 Cauer Form-II of L–C Network (6/6)
12.6 More Numericals on Synthesis of L–C Network (1/6)
12.6 More Numericals on Synthesis of L–C Network (2/6)
12.6 More Numericals on Synthesis of L–C Network (3/6)
12.6 More Numericals on Synthesis of L–C Network (4/6)
12.6 More Numericals on Synthesis of L–C Network (5/6)
12.6 More Numericals on Synthesis of L–C Network (6/6)
Review Questions (1/2)
Review Questions (2/2)
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
13. Filters and Attenuators
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Measurement in Decibels
13.2 Types of Filters
13.3 Classification of Passive Filters
13.3.1 Low-Pass Filters13.3.2 High-Pass Filters13.3.3 Band-Pass Filters
13.3.4 Band-Stop or Band-Elimination Filter
13.4 Parameters of a Filter
13.4.1 Propagation Constant (γ)
13.4.2 Attenuation Constant
13.4.3 Phase Shift Constant (β)
13.4.4 Characteristic Impedance (Z0)13.5 Filter Networks13.5.1 Formation of Symmetrical T-Network
13.5.2 Formation of Symmetrical π-Network
13.5.3 Ladder Network
13.6 Analysis of Filter Networks
13.6.1 Symmetrical T-Network
13.6.2 Analysis of π-Network
13.6.3 Summary of Parameters of Filter Network
13.7 Classification of Filters
13.8 Constant K-Type or Prototype Filters
13.8.1 Constant K-type Low-Pass Filters (LPF)
13.8.2 Constant K-type High-Pass-Filters (HPF)
13.8.3 Comparison of Constant K-Type LPF and HPF
13.8.4 Constant K-type Band-Pass Filter (1/3)
13.8.4 Constant K-type Band-Pass Filter (2/3)
13.8.4 Constant K-type Band-Pass Filter (3/3)
13.8.5 Constant K-type Band-Stop/Band-Elimination Filter (1/2)
13.8.5 Constant K-type Band-Stop/Band-Elimination Filter (2/2)
13.8.6 Comparison of Constant K-type Filters
13.8.7 Limitations of Constant K-type Filters
13.9 m-Derived Filters
13.9.1 m-Derived T-section
13.9.2 m-Derived π-section
13.9.3 m-Derived Low-Pass Filter
13.9.4 Summary of m-Derived Low-Pass Filter
13.9.5 m-Derived High-Pass Filter
13.9.6 Summary of m-Derived HPF
13.9.7 Comparison of m-Derived LPF and HPF
13.9.8 m-Derived Band-Pass Filter
13.9.9 m-Derived Band-Stop Filter
13.10 Composite Filters
13.10.1 Composite Low-Pass Filter
13.10.2 Composite High-Pass Filter
13.11 Additional Solved Numericals on Filters
13.11.1 Problems on m-Derived Low-pass Filters
13.11.2 Problems on m-Derived High-pass Filters
13.11.3 Problems on Composite Filters (1/2)
13.11.3 Problems on Composite Filters (2/2)
13.12 Attenuators
13.12.1 Introduction
13.12.2 T-type Attenuator
13.12.3 π-type Attenuator
13.12.4 Lattice Attenuator
13.12.5 Bridged T-type Attenuator
13.13 More Solved Problems on Filters and Attenuators (1/2)
13.13 More Solved Problems on Filters and Attenuators (2/2)
Review Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Answers
Index (1/2)
Index (2/2)

Content preview from Network Analysis and Synthesis, 1st Edition by Pearson

424 Network Analysis and Synthesis

10.7 POLES AND ZEROS OF NETWORK FUNCTIONS

From the denominator of the transfer function, we get the poles, and from the numerator of the

transfer function, we get the zeros. These poles and zeros are then plotted in the s-plane. The

positions of the poles and zeros provide us information about the stability condition of the net-

work. In this section, we study poles and zeros of a network function.

10.7.1 Poles of a Network Function

Poles are those complex frequencies, that is, values of ‘s’ for which the network function

becomes inﬁnite.

Consider a network function

ss s

()

Now, for s = 0, -2 and ...

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Network Analysis and Synthesis, 1st Edition by Pearson

by S. K. Bhattacharya, Manpreet Singh

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