
Basic Concepts 19
1. Number of nodes (N) = 4 (that is, A, B, C, D)
2. Number of branches (B) = 5 (that is, AB, BC, BD, CD, AD)
3. Independent meshes (M ) = B - N + 1
= 5 - 4 + 1 = 2 (that is, ABDA, BCDB)
4. Number of loops = 3 (that is, ABDA, BCDB, and ABCDA). It is seen that a loop ABCDA
encloses two meshes, that is, mesh I and mesh II.
1.8.2 Voltage and Current Sources
A source is a device that converts mechanical, thermal, chemical, or some other form of
energy into electrical energy. There are two types of sources: voltage source and current
source.
Voltage Source
Voltage sources are further categorised as ideal voltage source and ...