January 2015
Beginner to intermediate
628 pages
13h 33m
Japanese
Content preview from 統計クイックリファレンス 第2版
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53
53
3.2 独立変数と従属変数
この結果は、付録
D
の図
D-8
の二項表を使って取得することもできる。
3.2
独立変数と従属変数
変数の特性を示すには多くの方法がある。最も一般的な方法の
1
つは、研究計画やデータ
分析で果たす役割を示す方法である。この基準を使って変数を表す簡単な方法は、調査の結
果を表す場合は従属、従属変数の値に影響を及ぼすと思われる場合は独立とする。多くの研
究計画には
3
つ目のカテゴリとして制御変数があるが、これは従属変数に影響を与えるもの
の、研究対象ではない変数を指す。
「従属」、「独立」、「制御」という名前は、所定の設計や実験で変数が果たす役割に関係して
いる。つまり、変数（例えば重量）がある調査では独立変数、別の調査では従属変数、さら
に別の調査では制御変数になることがある。また、他の名前を使って従属変数と独立変数を
表し、特定の種類の調査に特定の名前を用意するのを好む著者もいる。制御変数は、関心の
ある独立変数や従属変数との関係や採用する研究計画計の種類によって多くの種類が定義さ
れているので特に問題となる。制御変数については
18
章で詳しく説明し、ここでは独立変
数と従属変数に専念する。
回帰方程式の例を使用して独立変数と従属変数の概念を説明する。これは簡単な入門にす
ぎない。回帰については
8
章、
10
章、
11
章で詳しく取り上げる。
OLS
回帰方程式などの標準線形モデルでは、成果変数または従属変数は慣例的に文字
Y
で表され、独立変数は
X
で表す。添字は個々の
X
変数を示す。
X
1
、
X
2
などである（ ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.