Abstract13.1 Introduction13.2 Valvular Repairs: Rationale for Intervention: Murmurs, Regurgitation, Congestive Heart Failure13.3 Prosthetic and Bioprosthetic Replacement Valves13.4 Outcomes13.5 Interchamber Defects13.6 Vascular Grafts13.7 Stents13.8 Drug Eluting Stents13.9 Added Constraints: Pediatric Cardiac Interventions13.10 Pacemakers, Defibrillators, and Associated Hardware13.11 Conclusions13.12 Pointing to the Future13.13 ProblemsReferences