August 2009
Intermediate to advanced
648 pages
17h 35m
English
book
Categorical Data Analysis Using The SAS® System, 2nd Edition
by Maura E. Stokes, Charles S. Davis, Gary G. Koch
Content preview from Categorical Data Analysis Using The SAS® System, 2nd Edition
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2.3. Exact Tests
Sometimes your data include small and zero cell counts. For example, consider the following data from a study on treatments for healing severe infections. A test treatment and a control are compared to determine whether the rates of favorable response are the same.
| Treatment | Favorable | Unfavorable | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Test | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| Control | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| Total | 12 | 6 | 18 |
Obviously, the sample sizes requirements for the chi-square tests described in Section 2.2 are not met by these data. However, if you can consider the margins (12, 6, 12, 6) to be fixed, then you can assume that the data are distributed hypergeometrically and write
The row margins may be fixed by the treatment allocation process; that is, subjects are randomly ...
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