2.1. Introduction
Power and energy consumption have become significant constraints in modern day microprocessor systems. Whereas energy-aware design is obviously crucial for battery-operated mobile and embedded systems, it is also important for desktop and server systems due to packaging and cooling requirements. In such systems, power consumption has grown from a few watts per chip to over 100 watts. As desktop/server (and even embedded) systems evolve from the uniprocessor space to the multiprocessor system-on-chips (MPSoCs) space, energy-aware design will take on new dimensions.
Techniques for energy and power consumption reduction have been successfully applied at all levels of the design space in uniprocessor systems: circuit, logic gate, ...
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