Organizational Behavior, 11th edition

Glossary

360° evaluation

gathers evaluations from a jobholder's bosses, peers, and subordinates, as well as internal and external customers and self-ratings.

Absorptive capacity

is the ability to learn.

Accommodation, or smoothing

involves playing down differences and finding areas of agreement.

Achievement-oriented leadership

emphasizes setting goals, stressing excellence, and showing confidence in people's ability to achieve high standards of performance.

Active listening

encourages people to say what they really mean.

Activity measures

of performance assess inputs in terms of work efforts.

Adaptive capacity

refers to the ability to change.

Adhocracy

emphasizes shared, decentralized decision making; extreme horizontal specialization; few levels of management; the virtual absence of formal controls; and few rules, policies, and procedures.

Affect

is the range of feelings in the forms of emotions and moods that people experience in their life context.

Agency theory

suggests that public corporations can function effectively even though their managers are self-interested and do not automatically bear the full consequences of their managerial actions.

Americans with Disabilities Act

is a federal civil-rights statute that protects the rights of people with disabilities.

Amoral manager

fails to consider the ethics of a decision or behavior.

Anchoring and adjustment heuristic

bases a decision on incremental adjustments to an initial value determined by historical precedent or some reference point.

Arbitration ...