
36 • Value Analysis and Engineering Reengineered
THE FORCES OF CHANGE
e two forces of change (Figure 5.5), also known as value-improvement
strategies are known in Japan as Kaikaku and Kaizen while in the United
States they are known as Business Process Reengineering (BPR) and
Total Quality Management (TQM) or Continuous Value Improvement.
Michael Hammer and James Champy,* refer to BPR as the radical rede-
sign of a company’s processes, organization, and culture. ey state that
the aim of reengineering is a quantum leap in performance—the 100% or
even tenfold improvement that can follow from entirely new work pro-
cesses and structures.
BPR is ...