July 2001
Intermediate to advanced
656 pages
15h 51m
English
book
Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and the Unified Process, Second Edition
by Craig Larman
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13.11. Contracts, Operations, and the UML
Contracts in the UML: Operation Specifications
The UML formally defines operations. To quote:
An operation is a specification of a transformation or query that an object may be called to execute [RJB99]
For example, the elements of an interface are operations, in UML terms. An operation is an abstraction, not an implementation. By contrast, a method (in the UML) is an implementation of an operation.
A UML operation has a signature (name and parameters), and also an operation specification, which describes the effects produced by executing the operation; that is, the postconditions. The UML operation specification format is flexible, and does not have be the contract format shown in this chapter. However, ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
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