Asterisk: The Future of Telephony, 2nd Edition

Dialplan Functions

Dialplan functions allow you to add more power to your expressions; you can think of them as intelligent variables. Dialplan functions allow you to calculate string lengths, dates and times, MD5 checksums, and so on, all from within a dialplan expression.

Syntax

Dialplan functions have the following basic syntax:

FUNCTION_NAME(argument)

Much like variables, you reference a function’s name as above, but you reference a function’s value with the addition of a dollar sign, an opening curly brace, and a closing curly brace:

${FUNCTION_NAME(argument)}

Functions can also encapsulate other functions, like so:

${FUNCTION_NAME(${FUNCTION_NAME(argument)})}
 ^             ^ ^             ^        ^^^^
 1             2 3             4        4321

As you’ve probably already figured out, you must be very careful about making sure you have matching parentheses and braces. In the above example, we have labeled the opening parentheses and curly braces with numbers and their corresponding closing counterparts with the same numbers.

Examples of Dialplan Functions

Functions are often used in conjunction with the Set() application to either get or set the value of a variable. As a simple example, let’s look at the LEN() function. This function calculates the string length of its argument. Let’s calculate the string length of a variable and read back the length to the caller:

exten => 123,1,Set(TEST=example)
exten => 123,n,SayNumber(${LEN(${TEST})})

The above example would evaluate the string example as having seven characters, assign the number of characters ...