Field-Programmable Gate Arrays: Reconfigurable Logic for Rapid Prototyping and Implementation of Digital Systems

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

PREFACE

ACRONYMS

TRADEMARKS AND PROPRIETARY NAMES

1.   System Implementation Strategies

1.1   The FPGA Paradigm

1.2   Design and Implementation Using FPGAs

1.3   Implementation Styles

1.3.1   Era of Early Logic Families

1.3.2   Era of LSI and VLSI Components

1.3.3   Era of ASICs

1.3.4   Era of Programmable Logic

1.4   Design Styles

1.4.1   The Software Paradigm

1.4.2   The Hardware Paradigm

1.4.3   The Configurable Hardware Paradigm

1.5   Design Methodologies

1.5.1   Describing a Design

1.5.2   Hierarchical Design

1.5.3   Technology-independent Design

1.5.4   The Mead–Conway Design Method

1.5.5   Temporal Design

1.5.6   Pipelined

1.5.7   Unsynchronized

2.   REVIEW OF LOGIC DESIGN AND ELECTRICAL ASPECTS

2.1   Combinational Circuit Design

2.1.1   Boolean Algebra

2.1.2   Multiplexers and Boolean Function Evaluation

2.2   Sequential Circuits

2.2.1   Latches and Flip-Flops

2.3   State Machines

2.3.1   Encoded State Machines

2.3.2   “One-hot” State Machines

2.4   Petri Nets for State Machines*

2.4.1   Basic Concepts

2.4.2   Basic Properties

2.4.3   Extended Petri Nets for Parallel Controllers

2.4.4   Simple Example—A Traffic Light Controller

2.4.5   Implementation of Petri Net Description

2.5   Electrical Aspects

2.5.1   Complementary MOS Circuits

2.5.2   Voltage Levels and Loading

2.5.3   Three-state Outputs

2.5.4   Signal Propagation in CMOS

2.5.5   Electrostatic Precautions and ESD Protection

2.5.6   Switch Debouncing

2.5.7   Power Supply Regulation

2.5.8   Metastability ...